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Europeans in early colonial Bengal fell prey to new diseases that their limited pharmacopeia, based on an imperfect knowledge of physiology, often failed to treat. This book looks at clinical observations and theories by several English doctors, who, with the encouragement of the East India Company, strove to address these ailments. This enthralling story begins with John Woodall, who never voyaged to India but equipped the surgeons' chests aboard ships sailing there, and ends with James Esda

The Strange Case of Lord Pigot recounts some interesting and true stories from English settlements in India in the 17th and 18th centuries. It traces several instances of grave insubordination and rebellion at those settlements, and culminates in the public furore over the arrest, imprisonment, and death in confinement, of one of the greatest English governors of Madras. It also recounts the remarkable tale of the rise of the Nawab of Arcot, Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah, to power; his contracti

Part 1. Multi-hazards monitoring -- Chapter 1. Evaluating the Multi Hazards Threats Due to Aridity, Sea Level Upsurge in the Coastal Areas of North Tamil Nadu, South India -- Chapter 2. Active Tectonics and Associated Channel shifting pattern of Neora river basin, Darjeeling Himalaya -- Chapter 3. Estimating Soil Loss Rate and Sediment Yield of the Proposed Ngololweni Earth Dam, Kingdom of Eswatini -- Chapter 4. Flood susceptibility mapping using GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis in Dibrugarh district of Assam, North-East India -- chapter 5. Effects of climatic hazards on agriculture in the Teesta basin of Bangladesh -- Chapter 6. Mizoram, the capital of landslide: A review of articles published on landslides in Mizoram, India -- Chapter 7. Deployment of Geostatistical and Geospatial Technology for Groundwater Quality Vulnerability Assessment Using Hydrogeochemical Parameters: A Case Study of NCT Delhi -- Chapter 8. A Literature Review of the Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Land Surface Temperature and Air Quality of India -- Chapter 9. Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variation of Chlorophyll and Sea Surface Temperature in Northern and Southern Arabian Sea, India -- Chapter 10. Application of a geospatial based subjective MCDM method for flood susceptibility modeling in Teesta River basin, West Bengal, India -- Chapter 11. Flood Frequency Analysis of Baitarani River using three probability distributions -- Chapter 12. Application of Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method to flood risk assessment at Sub-Himalayan region using geospatial data: A case study of Alipurduar district, West Bengal, India -- Chapter 13. Remote Sensing and GIS Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: A Case Study from Kegalle District, Sri Lanka -- Chapter 14. Landslide Susceptibility Evaluation And Analysis: A Review On Articles Published During 2000 To 2020 -- Chapter 15. Assessment of the social impact of arsenicosis through groundwater arsenic poisoning in Maldah district -- Chapter 16. Ground water depletion zonation using Geospatial technique and TOPSIS in Raipur District, Chhattisgarh, India -- Part-II. Multi-hazards Management -- Chapter 17. Terrain Sensitivity guided and People's Perception based Risk Area Management of the hills of Darjeeling district, India -- Chapter 18. Wastewater treatment in India- a new perspective -- Chapter 19. Adaptation to climate change in agriculture at Teesta basin in Bangladesh -- Chapter 20. Land use/Land cover change detection through the spatial approach: a case study of the Badiadka panchayath, Kerala -- Chapter 21. Application of AHP and Geospatial technology in Groundwater potentiality mapping: A Case Study from Tamil Nadu, India -- Chapter 22. Expected Climate-Induced Alterations in Sugarcane Yield Distribution and Its Agronomic Adaptation Strategies -- Index.

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About This Book -- Key Features -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Multi-hazards Monitoring -- 1 Evaluating the Multi-Hazards Threats Due to Aridity, Sea Level Upsurge in the Coastal Areas of North Tamil Nadu, South India -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Materials and Methods -- 1.2.1 General Profile of the Study Area -- 1.2.2 Methods -- 1.2.2.1 Climate Data Analysis and Models -- 1.2.2.2 De Martonne Aridity Index -- 1.2.2.3 Pinna Combinative Index -- 1.2.2.4 Sea Level Rise Projections -- 1.3 Results and Discussion -- 1.3.1 Observed and Simulated Anomaly in Temperature and Rainfall Over Chengalpet -- 1.3.2 Projected Aridity Status Over Chengalpet -- 1.3.3 Pinna Combinative Index-Based Aridity Over Chengalpet -- 1.3.4 Sea Level Rise -- 1.3.5 Groundwater Status Over Chengalpet -- 1.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Active Tectonics and Associated Channel Shifting Pattern of Neora River Basin, Darjeeling Himalaya -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.2.1 Study Area -- 2.2.2 Database -- 2.2.3 Methods -- 2.2.3.1 Asymmetry Factor -- 2.2.3.2 Transverse Topographic Symmetric Factor (T Vector) -- 2.2.4 Regional Geomorphology and Geology -- 2.2.5 Results -- 2.2.6 Discussion -- 2.3 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Estimating Soil Loss Rate and Sediment Yield of the Proposed Ngololweni Earth Dam, Kingdom of Eswatini -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Materials and Methods -- 3.2.1 Study Area -- 3.2.2 Data Acquisition and Processing -- 3.2.3 Meteorological and Hydrological Data Acquisition and Processing -- 3.2.4 Land Use and Land Cover Images -- 3.2.5 Validation of Land Use/land Cover Classification -- 3.2.6 Application of the RUSLE Model for Estimation of Sediment Yield in the Catchment.

Homelessness is a global burden. It is estimated that 100 million people are homeless worldwide according to United Nation estimates in the year of 2005. It is a major issue in developing nation such as India. The 2011 census counts there are 449,761 houseless households/ families and 17,73,040 homeless people in India - 52.9 % in urban areas, and 47.1% in rural areas. Homelessnesss is multifactorial in origin. Some of common reasons are poverty, drug addiction, natural disaster and war, family problem and unemployment. Homeless people are very fragile, physically and mentally, they prone to victim of physical and social assault. We need to recognize homelessness as a major public health problem and attempt to target this group for special care in order to promote equity in health system as part of Sustainable Development Goals. The Government should undertake physical upgradation of informal settlements including different types of slum areas; unidentified, identified, recognised, notified and unauthorised housing accompanied by the providing access to roads and basic amenities like electricity, water supply and sanitation.

Homelessness is a global burden. It is estimated that 100 million people are homeless worldwide according to United Nation estimates in the year of 2005. It is a major issue in developing nation such as India. The 2011 census counts there are 449,761 houseless households/ families and 17,73,040 homeless people in India - 52.9 % in urban areas, and 47.1% in rural areas. Homelessnesss is multifactorial in origin. Some of common reasons are poverty, drug addiction, natural disaster and war, family problem and unemployment. Homeless people are very fragile, physically and mentally, they prone to victim of physical and social assault. We need to recognize homelessness as a major public health problem and attempt to target this group for special care in order to promote equity in health system as part of Sustainable Development Goals. The Government should undertake physical upgradation of informal settlements including different types of slum areas; unidentified, identified, recognised, notified and unauthorised housing accompanied by the providing access to roads and basic amenities like electricity, water supply and sanitation.

The meaning of "vaccine diplomacy (VD)" is defined as "the use of vaccines to increase a country's diplomatic relations and influence over other nations." The golden era of vaccine science diplomacy started during the time of Cold War between the United States (US) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) with the development of a prototype of oral polio vaccine by the US Scientist Dr Albert Sabin working along with his Soviet counterparts. The foundation stone was already laid down by Edward Jenner when he shared his technique of the smallpox vaccine with other major countries to curb the spread of smallpox. Eventually, such a step led to the eradication of such a deadly disease. Only time has changed, not the tide. Even today, vaccines continue to remain as one of the important tools for achieving Millennium Developmental Goals (MDGs) and other targets in developing countries like India. During the wake of the Corona Virus Diseases-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, India's role in developing its vaccine science diplomacy has been a point of attraction. The phase-3 trial of Covaxin being developed by Bharat Biotech started in Lucknow and Gorakhpur in October 2020, and it is widely considered as the forerunner for the Indian vaccine market. As per the Union Health Ministry of India- "The Union Government is working on at least five distinct ways, ranging from free vaccines to guaranteed supply, in which it can help its immediate neighbours and countries in West Asia, Africa and even Latin America—officials familiar with the plan said on conditions of anonymity. The idea is to leverage the country's standing as the world's vaccine factory to merge diplomatic ties. Historically, it is observed that by the development and introduction of newer vaccines from time to time, many dismaying hurdles to vaccine science diplomacy (VSD) arise from ongoing wars and political instability. The current scenario is that both VSD and VD are at crossroads, and there is a possibility of getting a good direction if we make a ...

Thalassemia is one of the significant public health concerns as the carrier rate and disease numbers are increasing worldwide. The increase in number is because of consanguineous marriage which has a deep-rooted norm among many people globally. Besides various clinical and psychological problems associated with thalassemia, a lifelong treatment aspect makes it much more difficult for a person or family to sustain with thalassemia or thalassemia-affected children. Though the government has come up with a screening programme for thalassemia, given the fact that it is optional, people tend to ignore it. Examples from Pakistan and Iran remind us to have a mandatory prenatal screening programme which is very much cost-effective. With a highly recommended notion, we suggest that it should be universal to have an antenatal screening programme to avert thalassemia-related deaths.

To protect our masses, primary care institutes were developed in many countries, all over the globe. In the previous era, labour was valuable to produce crops and protect native countries from enemies as no substitute for raw labour was available to do these jobs. The scenario has changed after the era of automation. After the agricultural revolution, technological revolution took place. Hence, most of the manual jobs in agriculture sector and industry sector were automated. As a result, "new" type of jobs has emerged which was based, so far, on mainly of cognitive skills, e.g., learning, analysing, communication, and understanding human emotions. As the technology is advancing day by day, the role of humans as individual is becoming less and less except for some extraordinary persons or elite groups. Now the important question is, will elites and governments will go on valuing every human being even when it pays no economic dividends? Will the development of mass medicine/primary care will continue? Will governments/bureaucrats fund adequately for the protection of the health of these useless classes merely on the humanitarian ground? We assume that due to technological advancement and greater role of elite classes, the norm of shifting non-normal people to normality may not require any more, the previous practice of treatment (health for all concept) may not repeat in future and it is quite natural. Experiences from Japan highlight that society may prefer theses elites to the useless average class. The gap between the two classes regarding availing health facilities may widen further. This is because the government may focus more on the health of elites than common masses. One step further the government/ bureaucrat may try for immortality/divinity for this elite class, at any cost for maintaining supremacy over the poor masses.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is one of the leading factors of mortality in Malaysia. Most youngsters start at adolescence, fascinated by the concept of smoking. Interventions that harness the broad availability of mobile phones, as well as adolescents' interest in their appearance, may be an innovative way to advance school-based prevention. This study aims to determine the perceptions of facial-aging apps among secondary school students. METHODOLOGY: For this research, descriptive cross-sectional study using simple random sampling method was used. Population sampling was targeted toward three government schools. The total number of respondents is 383, with all of them aged between 13 and- 16 years of age. Legal considerations were taken to maintain the confidentiality of respondents. The specific objectives are: 1. To determine the level of change of intention on smoking, 2. To know the perceived reactions of the peer groups on the appearances of students as nonsmokers, 3. To determine whether the students learned new benefits of nonsmokingand, 4. To measure the impact of a facial-aging app among students. RESULTS: The number of respondents who smoke was 40 (10.4%), while the number of respondents who do not smoke was 343 (89.6%). About 89% of the respondents agree that their three-dimensional selfie image motivates them not to smoke. In addition, 87.8% of respondents admit that the perceived reactions of their classmates make them think that they look better as nonsmokers. After learning the effects of smoking, about 86.4% of the respondents acknowledged that they would educate their peer groups. Furthermore, 85.9% of the respondents found this "Smokerface" app enjoyable. CONCLUSION: The facial-aging intervention was effective in motivating Malaysian pupils to stay away from tobacco use. Thus, the analysis on the study of facial app usage in smoking prevention among youngsters concludes that most of the adolescents concur that the "Smokerface" app helps in the prevention of smoking among youths.